Day 3 (Wednesday)
HPLC Pumps
- Single piston, dual piston in series, dual piston in parallel
- Flow rate control & accuracy
- Piston seals, Check Valves, Pistons
Routine Maintenance
Gradient Elution
Explanation of the two modes of separation occurring during a gradient
high pressure mixing
low pressure mixing
Effect of changing column length for gradient analysis
Gradient profile
-developing a gradient profile for the first time
Ghost peaks
Gradient slope
Gradient run time
Significance of gradient dwell volume
- how to measure it
-how to minimise it
-how to make methods transferable
Obtaining a reproducible gradient baseline
When to subtract gradient baselines
importance of degassing
Degassing procedures
Pulse dampening
Column Switching
When to use a gradient and when to choose column switching |
| Practical: Using a gradient system, measure the system dwell volume
Course Dinner |
Day 4 (Thursday)
Detectors
General detection parameters
Noise
Drift
Sensitivity
Linearity
Dynamic Range
UV / Vis
- Eluent choice
- Optical Layout
- Lamps
- Wavelenght Control
- Wavelength selection
- Flow cells
- Lamp and cell replacement
- Wavelength programming
- Dual Wavelength detection
- Spectral Scanning
Diode Array
- Number of Diodes
- Advantages of Diode Array
- Time slice spectra
- Peak Identification
- Peak Purity assessment
Fluorescence
- Introduction to fluorescence
- Sensitivity
- Excitation and Emission Wavelength determination
- Selectivity
- Derivatisation - post column and pre-column
Refractive Index
- Preparing for use
- Eluent choice
- Importance of Temperature control
- Mixing isocratic eluents with a gradient pump
- Minimising the effect of Negative peaks
- Importance of degassing
Evaporative Light Scattering
- Operating Principles
- Gas supply requirements
- Nebulisation
- Light source
- Optimising detector sensitivity
- Eluents which are and are not compatible
- Maintenance
- Troubleshooting
Electrochemical
- Operating principles
- Analogy with UV detection
- Electrode materials
- Coulometric and Amperometric detection
- Pulsed Amperometric detection
- Selection of applied potential
- Eluent selection
- Use with gradients
- Pump requirements
- Selectivity and applications
Conductivity
- Chemical and electronic suppression
- Effect of changing temperature
- Detection limits
- Optimising the eluent
- Sensitivity
- Limitations with certain eluents
Mass Spec
- Principles of Mass Spec
- Peak identification
- Characterisation of unknowns
- Interfaces and ionisation Sources
- Mass Analysers
- Fragmentation Patterns
- Isotopes
- Molecular ions
- Single Ion Monitoring
- Quantitation
Practical: The use of fluorescence detection for the analysis of Biogenic Amines using Pre-column and then Post-column derivatisation |